
The agreement has a relatively open legal structure and provides for numerous revisions, carried out once every 5 years. This was the case, for example, when it comes to trade in services.Īnd what is the shape of the deal that was negotiated and ultimately signed? Moreover, many issues weren’t included in the negotiations at all. This entire chapter was removed from the agreement. This is particularly striking, for example, in the area of foreign policy, security and defence, where the United Kingdom decided that the European proposals were not sufficiently attractive and at a certain point simply blocked further talks. As a result, many issues were either set aside completely or only partially regulated. We should state that on the one hand, the agreement largely resembles a “protocol of differences”, and the other hand, a compromise based on the lowest common denominator. So, was this agreement indeed forced by the circumstances? This is not a particularly comfortable situation.

In light of the disputes concerning the implementation of this agreement which have arisen in the meantime, some MEPs are threatening to reject it during the ratification vote. The period of provisional application was supposed to formally last until 28 February, but was extended until the end of April due to ongoing works at the European Parliament. The agreement still hasn’t been ratified, and the situation currently looks less optimistic than it did in the first days of the year. The talks lasted until 24 December, almost to the end of the transition period (which expired on 31 December). Przemysław Biskup (Polish Institute of International Affairs): The fate of the agreement hung in the balance until the final days of last year. To what extent have the two parties been able to overcome their differences, and to what extent was this apparent compromise forced by the deadlines set out in the previous agreements? As a result of the agreement, Brexit was finally completed. Instead, we will have a relationship between entirely separate political and economic entities.

However, it is known that in the future this partnership will no longer be based on a common market and a common customs union. This “Christmas Eve” agreement bears the name of the “Trade and Cooperation Agreement”, which emphasizes the positive dimension of the provisions ultimately agreed upon by the two parties after months of painful negotiations. Obserwator Finansowy: The agreement on the final “divorce settlement” between the United Kingdom and the European Union was signed on 24 December 2020, that is, on Christmas Eve.
